Source: Education World
In the past, schools have been focusing on teaching content to students and mastering knowledge by rote. Many schools are now moving ahead to find ways that help students apply content knowledge and conceptual understanding across content areas also known as transfer of learning.
According to Grant Wiggins (2013)- co-author of the framework, understanding by design, “Transfer is the bottom-line goal of all learning, not scripted behaviour. Transfer means that a learner can draw upon and apply from all of what was learned, as the situation warrants, not just do one move at a time in response to a prompt.”
This need for ‘transfer of learning’ calls for classrooms to become places where students can use ‘thinking’ to help them integrate concept knowledge at a deeper level. By applying transfer skills, they can develop a deeper understanding of how to use this knowledge in a new situation.
Therefore, it is important to provide them opportunities to develop skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving and collaboration in our classrooms through immersive lessons and engaging experiences.
How do we help develop critical thinking skills in our children?
Critical thinking, by definition, is the ability to think clearly and make logical connections between ideas. It is an essential life skill that includes skills like questioning, predicting, investigating, hypothesizing, analysing, reflecting, revising, comparing, evaluating and forming opinions. It is meta-cognitive, which means it is a process of thinking that enables us to reflect on our learning as we develop knowledge and skills.
Encourage Questions: Research has shown that critical thinking skills begin to develop at a very early age. Therefore, parents, caregivers and teachers need to nurture this skill in children as early as possible. Children should be a part of learning environments that help them build these skills.
Encourage children to learn how to ask and answer good questions using the 5W’s and H (who, what, why, when, where and how), compare and contrast, evaluate ideas, identify problems, make predictions, conduct research, find and create solutions to real-world problems, explain and present their learning to the world.
Answering essential questions that lead our students to longer-lasting learning is a great way to develop critical thinking skills. All our lessons begin with an essential question that helps explore various aspects of a topic and gain new learning through the process. Students develop different and new perspectives by answering these essential questions.
Encourage brainstorming – Brainstorming helps students collaborate on a topic, problem-solve by hearing others’ perspectives, listen actively and with empathy to arrive at inferences, categorize ideas and make connections to the larger topic being discussed.
Create opportunities for your child to read, write and reflect – Reading helps children build essential vocabulary, understand and analyse characters and settings, understand the point of view of the author and identify situations of conflict or a problem in a story, think of an alternate solution or ending to stories, explain their reasons for their choices by drawing on what they read helps build this skill.
Writing allows children to make meaning of what they have learned. It offers children multiple experiences to engage in reflective processes like writing exit tickets and self-reflection. The intent of doing this is that they can identify their strengths and weaknesses and think about the process of learning itself. These writing practices serve as a safe space for children to share their thoughts freely and help teachers and parents discover their creativity and thinking skills.
As parents, you could help your child jot down thoughts, ideas, doodles, illustrations and feelings in a journal and talk about what they do in school and why they do it on a regular basis.
Create opportunities to problem-solve by inspiring imagination and creativity – To inculcate imagination and creativity, children should be presented with ongoing tasks and authentic tasks which are based on real-world problem-solving wherein children apply their learning of concepts and come up with solutions. For example – In the Science Curriculum, children apply knowledge from the topic Matter and Materials to build a roof for an outdoor pet shelter; In Computer Science-they design a robot using recycled materials, In English, writing a poem with rhyme or writing a story about a problem and solution. While learning languages, children share their opinions and evaluate different objects, events and experiences.
Parents may take advantage of problem situations you may face at home to hone this skill. Ask children to explain the problem, talk about possible solutions by drawing on their knowledge and experiences.
In conclusion, we could say that critical thinking is a skill that should be included in the school curriculum by design. Lessons should provide time for asking and answering open-ended questions, think and express ideas through discussions, talk and interact with their peers, write, and reflect on learning.
Source: Education World
With the school closure for almost two years due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, schools are slowly reopening again. While most of the students are relieved to go back to school and are happy that they can interact with their friends, classmates and teachers in person rather than talking to them across a screen, the transition can be challenging. The pandemic brought in a drastic change in the learning spectrum and school systems to have changed from pre-pandemic times.
According to a report by UNICEF, 14 percent of young Indians are depressed in COVID times but are unwilling to talk about it. The same has been found among students, most of them are finding the transition phase difficult and refrain from participating in various class activities and would rather keep to themselves due to the lack of human connection. As the return to in-person school and learning rolls out, things will not simply spring back to the way it was.
Understanding the challenges of going back to traditional learning
Socio-emotional support: It is of utmost importance to help students develop their socio-emotional skills when they are back in school. Schools should provide counselling and support to all students, along with sessions in managing emotions and rebuilding their social skills now that they are back in school after a very long time. Building resilience in students and helping them support each other is essential to reconnect and maintain a sense of community and camaraderie.
Fear and Anxiety: Another challenge will be to assure parents that the school is safe for their children. Even though students will be permitted to attend class upon their parents’ authorisation and will be following strict Covid protocols and guidelines. Maintaining safety at school will also be a challenge. Adhering to Covid appropriate behaviour such as washing hands, social distancing and wearing masks at all times could be a challenge. Ensuring a large number of students in a class to maintain social distance between them and make them wear masks throughout is nearly impossible unless the classes are conducted in a huge space such as an auditorium or stadium.
Parent Adjustment: Schools for higher classes have started and the same has been planned for primary levels too. The primary challenge is to convince parents to send their children to school. Schools have opened once again as per the government guidelines. Schools have been instructed to give more emphasis on health and sanitation measures but parents still are not comfortable with the idea of exposing their children especially without a vaccine being administered.
Adjusting to the environment: After almost 24 months of schooling at home, students barely remember what “real” school is like. The task of bringing every child back to school in India is herculean and requires meticulous planning. Schools will have new rules in place for social distancing and extra care to maintain a sanitised environment. Given the large numbers of students we host in schools, it seems like it will be hard and a tough task to bring in all students on a full-day schedule for all days. School schedules should be planned accordingly to accommodate multiple needs and also maintain the required protocols. Also, the situation is still not stable and due to this uncertainty schedule must be kept flexible and alternate solutions to keep learning continuity should be planned.
Restoring routines: The pandemic has resulted in many students losing a steady routine as they had in school. This has affected their skills overall, especially in basic reading and writing which has now become more dependent on technology. Relying on recorded lectures and PDF notes and typing out homework and exams for months, now they have to start taking notes and submitting handwritten assignments once they are back to school. Students’ sleeping & eating patterns have changed. With remote learning, students had the freedom to attend classes from the comfort of their homes. Going back to school means some added effort and change in the laid back schedule they got used to. All these were not an issue during online learning. The challenge is to get students to come back to school on time and follow a timetable. Giving students time to re-adjust is the only way to help them through this period of adjustment.
Conducting classes online and offline: Lastly, schools face the issue of helping all students reach a required grade level. In this situation, schools must make sure that the students who are not coming to school do not fall behind the rest of the class. Following hybrid class models despite restarting physical classes is one of the effective means to address this issue. But this also poses a challenge for teachers since they have to manage two forums simultaneously and schools may have to largely invest in technology and infrastructure to maintain the two platforms.
Source: Deccan Herald
A 12-year-old from Bengaluru has created a treasure hunt board game set in the famously opulent Padmanabhaswamy temple in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
Called Treasures of Thiruvananthapuram, it challenges players to unlock six treasure vaults inside the temple. In real life too, the temple holds riches worth trillions of dollars locked up in six vaults.
Five of these were opened following a court intervention in 2011, while ‘Vault B’ remains locked and shrouded in mystery. Legend has it that opening it will invite God’s wrath.
“But in this game, you are allowed to open ‘Vault B’. It has the maximum treasure, worth six billion dollars. So it is also the most difficult to crack open,” says Ishaan PA, a Class 6 student of Ekya School, JP Nagar.
Ishaan got the idea of making this family game last July. “The temple was in the news. I started researching its history,” he says.
His parents roped in friends to design and publish the game. Neighbours tested it. The family spent a little over Rs1.5 lakh to print 300 boxes of the game. They have sold 80 boxes to family, friends and acquaintances so far, they told Metrolife. “We hope to present this game to the priests of the temple someday,” says his mother Sowmya Sri.